The English language is full of confusing rules, exceptions, and variations. One such case that often puzzles writers is whether to use “appendices” or “appendixes” when referring to the plural form of “appendix.”
Although both words are technically correct, the difference in usage can be subtle, and understanding when to use each can help make your writing more polished and precise.
In this article, we will explore the difference between appendices and appendixes, provide real-life scenarios where these terms are used, and give examples that will help you choose the correct term for your writing.
By the end, you’ll have a clearer understanding of the appendix plural form and know when to use appendices or appendixes.
What is an Appendix?
Before diving into the plural forms, it’s essential to understand what an appendix refers to. In writing, an appendix is a supplementary section at the end of a book, report, or document. It includes additional information, such as charts, graphs, or references that support the main content but are not crucial for immediate understanding.
The word appendix itself originates from Latin, where it means “something attached” or “a supplement.” Over time, the term has evolved in English to specifically refer to supplementary materials that appear at the back of a text.
The Plural of Appendix
Now, let’s get to the heart of the matter: the plural of appendix. While you may encounter both appendices and appendixes, one form is more common than the other depending on context and style preferences.
Appendices
The most widely accepted plural form of appendix is appendices. This form follows a general rule in English grammar where Latin-based words ending in -x are pluralized by changing the -x to -ces (similar to the plural of matrix, which becomes matrices). Therefore, appendices is often considered the more formal and traditional plural form.
Example:
- “The appendices at the end of the report contain detailed statistical data.”
Scenario Example:
Imagine you’re writing an academic paper for a university course. Your professor has asked you to include supplementary information about your methodology, such as a list of participants, detailed data tables, and additional notes. These materials would be included in the appendices of your paper.
Email Scenario:
Subject: Submission of Final Report with Appendices
Dear Dr. Johnson,
I have attached my final report along with the appendices that include additional charts, data analysis, and references to support the main content. Please let me know if you need any further information.
Best regards,
Tom
Appendixes
While appendices is the more common plural form, appendixes is also considered correct, especially in less formal contexts. This plural form follows the standard English rule of adding -es to words ending in -x (like box becoming boxes). While appendixes might be used less frequently in formal writing, it is still widely accepted and understood.
Example:
- “The report concludes with several appendixes detailing the raw data and analysis methods.”
Scenario Example:
Suppose you are preparing a business proposal and need to include additional supporting information such as graphs and financial data. These extra materials would be placed in the appendixes of the document. While appendices might be more common in academic writing, appendixes might be the preferred term in the business world.
Email Scenario:
Subject: Business Proposal Submission
Hello Sarah,
I’ve attached the business proposal for your review. It includes the necessary appendixes with the financial breakdown, forecasts, and market analysis. Please review the documents and let me know if you have any questions.
Best regards,
Emily
When to Use Appendices or Appendixes
Now that we understand the basics, let’s discuss when you might choose to use appendices or appendixes.
Academic or Formal Writing: Use Appendices
In formal, academic, or professional contexts, appendices is generally the preferred choice. This form is well-established and is considered the more grammatically conventional option in fields like academic writing, legal documentation, and scientific reports.
Example:
- “The research findings are outlined in the appendices, where we have provided the complete datasets and additional notes on methodology.”
Business and Informal Writing: Appendixes
On the other hand, in more informal or casual writing, or in specific industries like business, you may encounter appendixes more frequently. While it’s not the more traditional plural, it’s still widely accepted, particularly in settings where formal structure isn’t the primary concern.
Example:
- “I’ve attached the necessary appendixes for your review, including the projected financial statements and key findings.”
Scenario Example:
In a workplace setting, a report might include appendixes containing financial data, meeting minutes, or additional reference materials. In this case, using appendixes might feel more approachable.
Email Scenario:
Subject: Quarterly Performance Review
Dear Mike,
I’ve included the quarterly performance review in the report along with the appendixes outlining our revenue figures, market research, and customer feedback. Let me know if you need further information.
Kind regards,
Sophia
Grammar and Usage: What is Correct?
Both appendices and appendixes are grammatically correct, but the difference between them lies in style preference. Here’s a breakdown of their general use:
| Usage | Appendices | Appendixes |
|---|---|---|
| Preferred Context | Formal, academic, scientific | Informal, business, general |
| Frequency of Use | More common | Less common, but acceptable |
| Formality | More formal | More casual |
| Pronunciation | uh−PEN−di−seezuh-PEN-di-seezuh−PEN−di−seez | uh−PEN−di−ksuh-PEN-di-ksuh−PEN−di−ks |
Key Differences in Usage
To summarize, the choice between appendices or appendixes depends on several factors:
- Formality: If you’re writing for a formal or academic context, appendices is the safer choice. It’s more traditional and expected in scholarly writing.
- Context: In business or casual contexts, appendixes might be more common or acceptable, though appendices will still be understood.
- Personal Preference: In many cases, personal or institutional preference might determine which form you use. However, consistency is key—if you choose appendices, stick with it throughout the document.
Conclusion
In the debate between appendices or appendixes, both plural forms are acceptable, but it’s important to consider context and formality. Appendices is the more formal and traditional option, often preferred in academic or scientific writing. Appendixes, on the other hand, can be used in less formal settings or specific industries like business. Ultimately, the decision depends on your audience and the tone you wish to convey.
